What To Know About Stomach Cancer Surgery

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide. It develops in the lining of the stomach and can spread to other parts of the body. In the early stages, symptoms may be subtle, but as the disease progresses, it can cause more noticeable and severe problems, such as difficulty swallowing, weight loss, and abdominal pain. While treatment options vary, one of the most common and effective treatments for stomach cancer is surgery.

Types of Stomach Cancer Surgery

Stomach cancer surgery typically falls into two categories: curative surgery and palliative surgery.

1. Curative Surgery: This type of surgery aims to remove the cancerous tumor and a portion of the stomach, and it may involve the removal of surrounding tissues, such as nearby lymph nodes. Curative surgery is most effective when the cancer is detected early and has not spread extensively.
   
   The most common procedures include:
   • Partial Gastrectomy: The removal of part of the stomach, often performed when the cancer is located in a specific section.
   • Total Gastrectomy: The complete removal of the stomach. In this procedure, the esophagus is connected directly to the small intestine, and patients will have to adjust to life without a stomach.
2. Palliative Surgery: If the cancer has reached an advanced stage, curative surgery may not be an option. In such cases, palliative surgery is performed to relieve symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. For example, surgery might involve bypassing an obstruction to allow food to pass through or draining fluid buildup.

The Role of Stomach Cancer Surgery in Treatment

Surgery is often the primary treatment for stomach cancer, especially if the cancer has not spread to distant organs. In addition to surgery, patients may receive other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy, either before or after surgery. These treatments are designed to shrink tumors, reduce the risk of recurrence, or target cancer cells that might have spread to other areas.

In early-stage gastric cancer, surgery alone can be curative. However, in more advanced cases, surgery may be combined with chemotherapy or radiation to provide the best chance of success.

Stomach Cancer Surgery Cost

The cost of stomach cancer surgery can vary significantly depending on several factors, including the type of surgery performed, the country where the surgery takes place, and whether the patient requires additional treatments like chemotherapy or radiation.

On average, the cost of stomach cancer surgery in the United States can range from $10,000 to $30,000 or more. This estimate includes the surgery itself, anesthesia, hospitalization, and post-surgical care. For patients undergoing a total gastrectomy, which is a more complex procedure, the cost can be on the higher end of the spectrum.

In some countries, the cost of surgery may be lower due to differences in healthcare systems. For instance, stomach cancer surgery in countries with universal healthcare or lower treatment costs might cost between $5,000 to $15,000. However, it’s important to note that prices can fluctuate based on a variety of factors, such as the hospital’s location, the surgeon’s experience, and the need for additional medical services.

Insurance coverage plays a crucial role in determining the out-of-pocket costs for patients. In the United States, for example, most health insurance plans will cover a significant portion of the expenses, but patients are still responsible for copays, deductibles, and any out-of-network charges. In countries with public healthcare, the government may cover the majority of the treatment costs, though private insurance or out-of-pocket expenses may apply for certain services or treatments.

Stomach Cancer Surgery Side Effects

Like any major surgery, stomach cancer surgery can have side effects and complications. The extent and severity of these effects depend on the type of surgery, the patient’s overall health, and how well the body heals. Common side effects include:

1. Digestive Issues: After surgery, particularly following a total gastrectomy, patients will experience significant changes in their digestive system. The stomach plays a crucial role in digestion, and without it, the body must adapt to a new way of processing food. Patients may need to make dietary adjustments, eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding certain foods that may be difficult to digest. Additionally, some people may experience dumping syndrome, where food moves too quickly through the small intestine, causing symptoms like nausea, sweating, and diarrhea.

2. Weight Loss: Significant weight loss is common after stomach cancer surgery, especially if a large portion of the stomach is removed. This weight loss can be exacerbated by digestive difficulties, making it harder for the body to absorb nutrients. To mitigate this, patients may need to work with a nutritionist to ensure they are getting enough calories and nutrients to maintain their health.

3. Infections and Bleeding: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection at the incision site or internally. Additionally, bleeding may occur during or after the surgery, which may require additional medical interventions. These risks are minimized with careful monitoring during and after the procedure.

4. Fatigue and Weakness: Recovery from stomach cancer surgery can be physically demanding. Many patients experience fatigue and weakness, especially during the early stages of recovery. This can be compounded by the emotional toll of cancer treatment. A structured rehabilitation plan, including physical therapy and a balanced diet, can help restore strength and energy.

5. Nutritional Deficiencies: Since the stomach is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing essential nutrients, its removal or alteration can lead to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin B12, iron, and calcium. Patients may need to take supplements and follow a specific diet to address these deficiencies.

Conclusion

Stomach cancer surgery plays a vital role in the treatment of gastric cancer, with the potential for curative outcomes, especially if the disease is detected early. However, the surgery comes with its costs and side effects that patients need to consider. It’s important to work closely with a healthcare team to understand the potential risks, the recovery process, and how to manage the financial aspects of the treatment. With proper care and support, many patients can regain their quality of life after surgery and continue their journey toward healing.